Polysemy and semantic relations in Italian spatial prepositions
Keywords:
Multiple senses, Semantic Relations, Morphology, Semantic Maps.Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to offer an account of the polysemy patterns in Italian spatial prepositions. It is shown that prepositions can be partitioned into three morphological types displaying decreasing polysemy: simple prepositions (e.g. a); complex prepositions (e.g. dietro a); locutional prepositions (e.g. nei pressi di). It is then shown that polysemous and monosemous prepositions can stand in semantic relations, e.g. hyponymy (e.g. sopra a and in cima a). Evidence is offered via a triangulation of corpus data and on-line elicitation tasks with participants, and via the joint use of the definition and coordination tests for polysemy. The theoretical analysis offers an account of the morphological and syntactic structures underpinning each preposition type. Their polysemy and semantic relations are then modelled via the ‘semantic maps’ method. The main conclusions are as follows: complex and locutional prepositions can denote specific if not unique ‘places’ with respect to the ground; simple prepositions can denote sets of places possibly shared with locutional prepositions. The paper thus offers a novel systematic account of polysemy in Italian prepositions, and offers evidence that semantic relations (hyponymy, overlap, monosemy) can emerge from these forms of polysemy.
Keywords: Multiple senses, Semantic Relations, Morphology, Semantic Maps.
Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer un análisis de los patrones de polisemia en las preposiciones espaciales italianas. Se demuestra que las preposiciones pueden dividirse en tres tipos morfológicos mostrando una polisemia decreciente: Preposiciones simples (p. ej., a); preposiciones complejas (p. ej., dietro a); preposiciones locucionales (p. ej., nei pressi di). Luego, se muestra que las preposiciones polisémicas y monosémicas pueden estar en relaciones semánticas, p. ej., hiponimia (p. ej., sopra a y in cima a). Se brinda evidencia a través de la triangulación del corpus de datos y las tareas obtenidas en línea con los participantes, y mediante el uso conjunto de las pruebas de definición y coordinación para la polisemia. El análisis teórico ofrece una revisión de las estructuras morfológicas y sintácticas que sustentan cada tipo de preposición. Además, sus relaciones polisémicas y semánticas son modeladas a través del método de ‘mapas semánticos’. Las principales conclusiones son las siguientes: las preposiciones complejas y locucionales pueden denotar ‘lugares’ específicos, si no únicos, con respecto al suelo; las preposiciones simples pueden denotar conjuntos de lugares posiblemente compartidos con preposiciones locucionales. El artículo ofrece así un novedoso análisis sistemático de la polisemia en las preposiciones italianas, y ofrece evidencia de que relaciones semánticas (hiponimia, superposición, monosemia) pueden surgir de estas formas de polisemia.
Palabras clave: Sensos Multiplos, Relaciones semánticas, Morfología, Mapas semánticos.
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